Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 November 2024

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethics committee of Uppsala University (Ups 01-367) approved the sample collection. In accordance with ethical standards for experiments involving human participants, informed consent was duly obtained from all subjects for the collection of seminal fluids used to isolate SF-sEVs or Prostasomes. This consent process was conducted in compliance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the overseeing ethical committee.

: This study is not a clinical trial. Prostasomes originating from healthy donors were used as a control sEV source. An Ethical Approval statement has been included to address the ethical considerations relevant to this research.

: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) utilized an on-device AI API to enhance the language and clarity of the manuscript. This AI tool did not generate any new scientific content but assisted in refining the article’s presentation. Importantly, no data was transmitted to the internet for model training, ensuring data privacy and security. After employing this tool, the author(s) thoroughly reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the final publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.