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Authors
Lu, James
Ishahak, Matthew
Maestas, Marlie M.
Millman, Jeffrey R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rita Levi-Montalcini Postdoctoral Fellowship in Regenerative Medicine
NIH
Breakthrough T1D
Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: This work has been approved by the Washington University School of Medicine, including Institutional Biological & Chemical Safety Committee (20886), Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee (17 − 005), and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC; Protocol #24–0185).
: Not applicable.
: M.I. has stock in Vertex Pharmaceuticals. J.R.M. is an inventor of licensed patents and patent applications, is the founder of IsletForge Innovations, Inc., and has stock in Sana Biotechnology. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
