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Authors
Anai, Letícia Abrahão
Cavalca, Alexandre Matheus Baesso
Xavier, Pedro Luiz Porfirio
Semolin, Lívia Maria Souza
Jark, Paulo Cesar
Senhorello, Igor Luiz Salardani
Fukumasu, Heidge
Demarchi Munhoz, Thiago
Figueiredo, Marxa Leão
Fernandes, Camila Cesário
Costa, Mirela Tinucci
Kobayashi, Priscila Emiko
Santana, Áureo Evangelista
Fonseca-Alves, Carlos Eduardo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2022/00593-0)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: This research project was previously reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics and Consent Committee of the School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences – UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus (FACV/UNESP), under protocol number 027665/10. The study design, including animal housing, handling, experimental interventions, and endpoints, was rigorously evaluated to ensure the minimization of discomfort, pain, and distress to the animals, and to guarantee the scientific validity of the outcomes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
