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Authors
Shum, Chanel
Lee, Donghee
Jo, Hyunji
Kim, Joanne
Heo, Heon
Gilor, Shir
Lanier, Christopher
Hall, Kevin
Dark, Michael
Kim, Jong Hyuk
de Souza, Cleverson
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CVM Clinical Pathology Residency program
UF AI Scholar Award
UF Strategic Funding Initiative
Mid-Florida Golden Retriever Club
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study analyzed existing, de-identified cytology images from client-owned dogs. No prospective enrollment, procedures, or sample collection from live animals were performed. Under the University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) policies, which require review only for activities involving live vertebrate animals, formal IACUC review was not required. This is consistent with PHS/OLAW guidance on the scope of IACUC oversight.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
