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Authors
Stratton, Zoe V.
Brodbelt, Dave C.
Guillén, Alexandra
O’Neill, Dan G.
Labadie, Julia
Swafford, Brenna
Taylor, Collette
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Morris Animal Foundation
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Article History
Received: 28 December 2025
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: Informed consent was given by dog owners and veterinarians for collection of medical records and biological samples with overall study approval by the Morris Animal Foundation Welfare Advisory board, described in full elsewhere [ ]. Ethical approval was granted by the Royal Veterinary College Social Science Research Ethical Review Board (URN SR2023–0175) for the use of GRLS data for this study.
: All authors have approved the manuscript for submission, and we can confirm the manuscript has not been published or submitted elsewhere.
: Julia Labadie and Brenna Swafford are employees of the Morris Animal Foundation and authors Zoe Stratton and Collette Taylor are funded by a grant from the Morris Animal Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Alexandra Guillen is a member of the Editorial Board of this journal.
