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Authors
Nonglang, Iwanrihun
Patil, Akshata
Vohra, Vikas
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. Ethical approval from the Institute Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) was not required for this study, as no invasive procedures were performed. However, milk samples were collected non-invasively from Karan Fries cows maintained at the Livestock Research Centre, NDRI, Karnal, during routine milking procedures. NDRI is registered for animal care under CPCSEA (Reg. No. 1705/GO/ac/13/CPCSEA, approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, on 3 July 2013).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
