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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 12 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This investigation was conducted as part of routine clinical diagnosis and outbreak management during a naturally occurring bovine ephemeral fever outbreak on a commercial dairy farm. All clinical examinations, treatments, and blood sampling were performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes by licensed veterinarians and did not involve experimental interventions or hypothesis-driven animal research. Blood samples were collected by aseptic jugular venipuncture using standard veterinary procedures designed to minimize stress and discomfort. All procedures were conducted in accordance with Iranian national veterinary regulations and institutional animal welfare guidelines. The reporting of this field-based clinical case investigation was reviewed by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch (approval code: IR.IAU.K.REC.1404.06.2).

: Written informed consent was obtained from the farm owner for publication of farm information and figures, including the outbreak location.

: The authors used ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI) exclusively for grammar correction, language refinement, and improvement of writing clarity. The AI tool was not used to generate, alter, or fabricate data, results, or scientific interpretations. All study design, analysis, and conclusions were developed entirely by the authors. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-assisted edits to ensure accuracy and integrity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.