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Article History

Received: 22 October 2025

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

:

: All animal handling procedures followed institutional ethical standards. Ethical approval was granted by the Zimbabwe Open University Research Ethics Committee (Approval Number: PG/2024/64.2) Reporting animal research adhered to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Permission for data collection was provided by the Matopos Research Station Experimental Farm.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.