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Authors
Nastiti, Kukuh Adhi
Rahajoe, Poerwati Soetji
Istadi, Didit
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Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Revised: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in our study involving human data were conducted in accordance with local and national ethical standards, approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Gadjah Mada University (34/UNI/KEP/FKG-RSGM/EC/2025) and in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions.
: Identifying information has been removed to protect participant privacy.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
