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Article History

Received: 22 April 2026

Revised: 25 July 2026

Accepted: 27 July 2026

First Online: 11 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research of the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants above eighteen years of age; for participants below eighteen years, written informed consent was obtained from a legal guardian. Signed consent for participation and photo publications was obtained. The ethical committee approved of the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University (NILES-ES-CU 26/5/15).

Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of identifying clinical photographs was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians, where applicable).

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.