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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 26 July 2025

First Online: 18 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All animal work adhered to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology’s (ARVO) Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Visual Research and was conducted in compliance with UK Home Office Regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals and the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations 2012, following ethical review by the University of Cambridge Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) (70_8152).The procurement of human tissue was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was obtained with consent via the transfer of ‘de-identified human retina tissue’ approved by the May Clinic Biospecimen Subcommittee (Dated March 30, 2018). Tissue was stored and utilized in compliance with the UK Human Tissue Act 2004 under REC 11/EE/0112, and adhered to ethical guidelines and institutional protocols at the University of Cambridge.

: Not applicable.

: K.R.M and P.S.W are co-founders of the gene therapy company Quethera and are named on patents related to the subject matter herein. During this project, A.O., P.S.W., and K.R.M. consulted for Astellas Pharma Inc. Additionally, A.O., P.S.W., and K.R.M. are shareholders of Quethera.