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Authors
Noroozi, Rose
Tsai, Hui-Hsin
Yu, Ketian
Samuel, Karunakar
Trinh, Kien
Tsai, Ellen A.
Briggs, Farren B. S.
Bhargava, Pavan
Fitzgerald, Kathryn C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Biogen
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: As part of the MS PATHS, the patients/participants involved in this study provided written informed consent. The MS PATHS was approved by Ethics committees or institutional review boards at the following participating centers: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; New York University, New York, NY, USA; OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA; University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
: Not applicable.
: K.Y, E.T, and HH.T are employees of and hold stock/stock options in Biogen. K.T. was an employee at the time of study conduction and held stock/stock options in Biogen. A Harry Weaver Neuroscience Scholar Award from the National MS Society supports P.B.
