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Authors
Gleerup, Helena Sophia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-4818
Musaeus, Christian Sandøe
Santos, Cristiano
Kvartsberg, Hlin
Harrison, Peter
Turton, Michael
Zetterberg, Henrik
Frederiksen, Kristian Steen
Hasselbalch, Steen Gregers
Simonsen, Anja Hviid
Ortiz, Fernando Gonzalez
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rigshospitalet's International KFJ Award
Familjen Rönströms Stiftelse
Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor
Familjen Beiglers Stiftelse
Olav Thon Foundation
European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States (#22HLT07)
the Erling-Persson Family Foundation
Cure Alzheimer’s Fund
Bluefield Project
Hjärnfonden (#FO2022-0270)
Hjärnfonden (#PD2025-0459)
Swedish Research Council
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (860197)
an anonymous donor
European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (101053962)
the European Union Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694)
Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation (#201809-2016862)
AD Strategic Fund and the Alzheimer's Association
National Institute for Health and Care Research University College London Hospitals Bio-medical Research Centre, the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (UKDRI-1003)
Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320)
Absalon Foundation of 1st May 1978
Frimodt Heineke foundation
Alzheimerfonden (#AF-1032222)
Demensfonden (#DF-1031511)
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Article History
Received: 22 June 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 22 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Included participants provided informed consent permitting the use of their CSF samples and associated data for research purposes. The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (P-2019–74) and the ethical committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-19049985).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: H.S.G., C.S.M., K.S.F., S.G.H., H.K. report no conflict of interest. PH and MT are full time employees at Bioventrix PLC. H.Z. has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a con-sultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alamar, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apel-lis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp &; Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, New Amsterdam, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, re-MYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Thera-peutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of CERimmune Therapeutics (outside submitted work). FG-O is a part-time consultant for Neurocode, USA and has served on sci-entific advisory boards for AIBL-Tecan.AHS has received a one-time consulting fee from Eisai/BioArctic, paid to the institution (2025).
