Takahashi, Tetsumi
Nagano, Atsushi J.
Sota, Teiji
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (18H02499)
Article History
Received: 28 February 2021
Accepted: 22 July 2021
First Online: 12 August 2021
Declarations
:
: Fish collection and breeding were carried out in accordance with the Guidelines for the Use of Fishes in Research established by the Nature Conservation Committee of the Ichthyological Society of Japan. The normal F0 male was collected with a screen net and the dwarf F0 female was collected by the hands of a scuba diver with the empty snail shell that she hid in, to avoid damaging the fish. In the breeding tanks for the F0 and F1 pairs that each include one male, fake rocks and empty snail shells were set to reduce stress during the breeding. Tanks for F2 included some males, who usually compete for substrates (rocks and shells) to form territories; therefore no substrates other than heaters and aerators were provided to reduce stress caused by such competition. The water temperature was maintained at 26 ÂșC and water pH was kept between 8.1 and 8.6, which are close to the values in their natural habitats. The F2 fish were euthanized using FA100 anaesthetic (DS Pharma Animal Health, Osaka, Japan). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo (permit no. 2019-2). This study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.