Karlowsky, James A.
Lob, Sibylle H.
Young, Katherine
Motyl, Mary R.
Sahm, Daniel F.
Article History
Received: 20 November 2020
Accepted: 19 February 2021
First Online: 6 March 2021
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethical approval and informed consent was not required because all isolates received into the study followed multiple subcultures and were completely de-identified. The secondary research use of de-identified isolates is considered exempt research according to the Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Human Research Protections (45 CFR 46).
: Not applicable.
: SHL and DFS work for IHMA, which receives funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA for the SMART surveillance program. JAK is a consultant to IHMA, and an employee of the University of Manitoba and Shared Health Manitoba. KY and MRM are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and own stock and options in Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. The IHMA authors do not have personal financial interests in the sponsor of this manuscript (Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA).