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Article History

Received: 21 October 2018

Accepted: 28 January 2019

First Online: 13 February 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study protocol was approved by the Hospital District of South-West Finland (T252/2017). This was a retrospective register-based study of patients from an anonymized dataset that only involved recording data from medical records. According to Finnish law and Ethics committee of South-West Finland Hospital District this study did not require consent from patients to participate.

: All data was anonymized, and this study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images or videos). Therefore, consent for publication was waived.

: This was a non-commercial, investigator-initiated study, and it has not received any funding from the industry. M. Scheinin has been engaged in contract research for Orion Pharma, the manufacturer of dexmedetomidine. T. Saari and P. Uusalo have received honoraria for speaking at symposia organized by Orion Pharma. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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