Deis, Amanda S.
Schnetz, Michael P.
Ibinson, James W.
Vogt, Keith M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (MRTG-CT-2-2017)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32 GM075770, K23GM132755)
Article History
Received: 18 July 2019
Accepted: 28 February 2020
First Online: 9 March 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh institutional review board (STUDY 18100077) on 11/26/2018. The need for individual patient consent was waived by the institutional review board for this minimal-risk retrospective review.
: No personally-identifiable patient information is included in this publication. Patient consent for anonymous publication was obtained from all patients as part of our institution’s standard consent form for anesthesia care.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.