Hojo, Takayuki
Kimura, Yukifumi
Shibuya, Makiko
Fujisawa, Toshiaki
Funding for this research was provided by:
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan (22K10139)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2022
Accepted: 7 November 2022
First Online: 11 November 2022
Declarations
:
: The protocol of this retrospective observational study was approved by the local ethics committee (Institutional Review Board of Hokkaido University Hospital; clinical study code, 021–0038), and the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board because broad consent was obtained before general anesthesia. This study was publicly announced on the homepage of our institution’s website with an opt-out option; none of the participants opted out of this study. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.