Shallcross, Laura J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1713-2555
Rockenschaub, Patrick
McNulty, David
Freemantle, Nick
Hayward, Andrew
Gill, Martin J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health Research (CS-2017-007)
Rosetrees Trust (M627)
Article History
Received: 4 September 2019
Accepted: 5 May 2020
First Online: 19 May 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Research ethical approval was not required for this study since the analysis used pseudo-anonymised data which was non-identifiable to the research team which was collected as part of routine clinical care. The study was registered as audit at University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, reference: CARMS-13674. Research governance approval was obtained from the UK Health Research Authority (HRA) reference: 17/HRA/3427.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.