Bivens, Matthew J.
Fritz, Christie L.
Burke, Ryan C.
Schoenfeld, David W.
Pope, Jennifer V.
Article History
Received: 19 April 2022
Accepted: 3 November 2022
First Online: 3 December 2022
Declaration
:
: Ethics approval for this study was waived by the Committee on Clinical Investigations-Institutional Review Board at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA. Administrative permissions to access the anonymous data of the National Trauma Data Bank were provided by the American College of Surgeons. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations including those set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing financial interests.