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Article History

Received: 12 December 2019

Accepted: 15 November 2020

First Online: 28 November 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The University of Wisconsin-Madison Institutional Review Board determined that this project was a QI initiative, not constituting human subjects research as defined under 45 CFR 46.102(d). The need for consent was, therefore, deemed unnecessary.

: Not Applicable.

: The funding for this study came from a competitive peer-reviewed researcher-initiated unrestricted grant from Pfizer, awarded to the Interstate Postgraduate Medical Association in partnership with the University of Wisconsin; Pfizer was not involved in the design and conduct of this project or the manuscript write-up. Some of the authors (AEZ, JMR, PDS, DB, WJT, RMV, DLH) were employed during the project by the University of Wisconsin (UW); the UW Health primary care clinics were the target for the described QI intervention. In addition, some of the authors have received funding support for scientific projects in the past 3 years from the following external agencies: National Institutes of Health (AEZ), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (AEZ, WJT), U.S. Department of Justice (AEZ, JMR), Wisconsin Department of Health Services (AEZ), Wisconsin Department of Transportation (JMR), and Pfizer (AEZ).