Kearsey, CC
Graham, C
Lobb, HS
Chacko, J
Weatherburn, R
Rooney, PS
Article History
Received: 10 January 2021
Accepted: 5 April 2021
First Online: 12 May 2021
Declarations
:
: All protocols were approved by Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool and the Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. All methods were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines and regulations and informed consent was not required as Royal Liverpool University Hospital ethics committee states that anonymised, non-interventional, retrospective studies that adhere to NHS consent policy do not need formal consent and therefore the committee approves this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.