Tufts, Jake
Guan, Naijie
Zemedikun, Dawit T
Subramanian, Anuradhaa
Gokhale, Krishna
Myles, Puja
Williams, Tim
Marshall, Tom
Calvert, Melanie
Matthews, Karen
Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah
Jackson, Louise J
Haroon, Shamil
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Research and Innovation (COV-LT-0013, COV-LT-0013)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (COV-LT-0013, COV-LT-0013)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2023
Accepted: 28 October 2023
First Online: 20 November 2023
Declarations
:
: CPRD supplies anonymised UK health data for public health research sponsored by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The UK's Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee provides ethical approval to CPRD annually. Therefore, no additional ethical approval is required for observational studies using CPRD Aurum data for public health research, subject to individual research protocols meeting CPRD data governance requirements. Access to the CPRD database in this study obtained the protocol approval from the CPRD Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (Reference ID: 22_001855). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: JT has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. DTZ has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. AS has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. NG has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. KG has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. KN has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. LJ has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. SH receives research funding from the NIHR and UKRI. PM has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. TM has no relevant conflicts of interest to declare. TW has not relevant conflicts of interest. KM has no relevant conflicts of interest. MJC is director of the Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation and director of the Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research and is an NIHR senior investigator. MJC receives funding from the NIHR, UKRI, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, NIHR ARC West Midlands, NIHR Oxford-Birmingham Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Precision and Cellular Therapeutics, UK SPINE, European Regional Development Fund-Demand Hub and Health Data Research UK at the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Innovate UK (part of UKRI), Macmillan Cancer Support, UCB Pharma, Janssen, GlaxoSmithKline, and Gilead. MJC has received personal fees from Astellas, Aparito, CIS Oncology, Takeda, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Glaukos, GlaxoSmithKline, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute outside the submitted work. In addition, a family member owns shares in GlaxoSmithKline.