Article History
Received: 30 June 2017
Accepted: 3 August 2018
First Online: 16 August 2018
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study does not meet the Health Research Authority criteria for research requiring NHS REC approval, but comes under the categories of clinical audit and service evaluation, and therefore ethics approval was not necessary (see ExternalRef removed which includes the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research definition of research). Data were collected after registration and approval of the Clinical Audit department of the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust. Patient consent was not necessary as the study involved the use of de-identified data.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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