Royo-Salvador, Miguel B.
Fiallos-Rivera, Marco V.
Salca, Horia C.
Ollé-Fortuny, Gabriel
Article History
Received: 12 September 2019
Accepted: 22 April 2020
First Online: 11 May 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: For this article we used our center’s database of patient records retrospectively; patient data were anonymized in accordance with the legislation existing at the moment when the study was initiated (2009), without considering as required the opinion of an ethics committee, because the necessary technical and organizational guarantees and measures were adopted as established in EU data protection directive 2016/679 (article 89.1). As mentioned above, the Institut Chiari & Siringomielia & Escoliosis de Barcelona holds Research & Development (R&D) certification 1583.001.16–160920-CER-RD.001 from the Spanish Innovation Certification Agency (ACIE) and ENAC certification 33/C-PR074, Certificate IQNet and AENOR Quality Management System ISO 9001:2015, Registration Number: ES-0081/2015 for the following fields of activities: Research, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Filum Disease and Quality Management Certification according to UNE-EN ISO 9001:2008 standards.
: For this type of study formal consent for the publication of participant data and imaging is not required given that only anonymized (non-identifiable) imaging has been used; according to organic law 3/2018 of personal data protection (additional provision 17.d) this is compliant provided that a confidentiality commitment has been made and specific safety measures have been adopted.
: Conflict of Interest: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.