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Article History

Received: 22 March 2022

Accepted: 21 June 2022

First Online: 11 July 2022

Declarations

:

: The CLIMB* study is approved by the Mass General Brigham Human Research Committee institutional review board (IRB) and the current study was approved by IRB as an amendment to the CLIMB protocol. The patients included in this study have been enrolled in the study after providing informed written consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. No experiments or interventions were done during this observational study.* Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (CLIMB)

: All authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities in their affiliated institutes. There is no patient identifying information included in this publication.

: Dr. Sattarnezhad has received research support from EMD Serono and Verily Life Sciences.Dr. Healy has received research support from Merck Serono SA, Verily Life Sciences, Genentech, and Novartis, and has served on an advisory board for Biogen Idec.Dr. Baharnoori has received support from MS Society of Canada.Dr. Diaz-Cruz have received research support from EMD Serono and Verily Life Sciences.Dr. Stankiewicz is currently an employee of Novartis.Dr. Weiner has received research support from federal sponsors, National MS Society, Verily Life Sciences, EMD Serono, Biogen, Teva, Tilos, Sanofi, and Novartis. He has received personal fees from Genentech, Tilos, Everest Medicines Limited, Tiziana Life Sciences, IM Therapeutics, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, and vTv Therapeutics.Dr. Chitnis has received compensation for consulting from Banner Life Sciences, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Roche Genentech, and Sanofi Genzyme. She has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, National MS Society, US Department of Defense, Sumaira Foundation, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, I-Mab Biopharma, Mallinckrodt ARD, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Octave Bioscience, Roche Genentech, Sanofi Genzyme, and Tiziana Life Sciences.