Aftahy, A. Kaywan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-2220
Groll, Maximilian
Wagner, Arthur
Barz, Melanie
Bernhardt, Denise
Combs, Stephanie E.
Meyer, Bernhard
Gempt, Jens
Negwer, Chiara
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität München
Article History
Received: 24 January 2022
Accepted: 28 October 2022
First Online: 9 December 2022
Declarations
:
: This retrospective, non-interventional study was approved by the local medical ethics committee, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, (No. 231/20 S-EB) and is in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments [CitationRef removed]. All patients sign a generally valid declaration of consent for participation in retrospective studies that included consent for the use of their clinical data in any research completed at our institution upon admission.
: With the consent for participation, all patients also gave their permission for the results obtained to be published, also for the publication of identifying images or other personal or clinical details.
: JG and BM work as consultants for Brainlab (Brainlab AG, Feldkirchen). In addition, BM works as a consultant for Medtronic, Spineart, Icotec, Relievant, and Depuy/Synthes. In these firms, BM acts as a member of the advisory board. Furthermore, BM reports a financial relationship with Medtronic, Ulrich Medical, Brainlab, Spineart, Icotec, Relievant, and Depuy/Synthes. He received personal fees and research grants for clinical studies from Medtronic, Ulrich Medical, Brainlab, Icotec, and Relievant. All this happened independently of the submitted work. BM holds the royalties/patent for Spineart. All named potential conflicts of interest are unrelated to this study. There are no further conflicts of interest regarding the other authors.