DiBello, Julia R.
Lu, Yifei
Swartz, Jina
Bortnichak, Edward A.
Liaw, Kai-Li
Zhong, Wenjun
Liu, Xinyue
Article History
Received: 14 March 2023
Accepted: 23 October 2023
First Online: 9 November 2023
Declarations
:
: The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data. All the data utilized in this study were anonymized and are only reported in aggregate level. The use of CPRD data for research purposes received ethical approval by an Independent Scientific Advisory Research Data Governance Process for Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (RDG-MHRA, application #21_000439). Approval from an NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC) was not required as the study was purely observational. As this was a non-interventional study using anonymized data, no patient consent was necessary. This study was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: All authors except Jina Swarts are current employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and may hold stocks of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Yifei Lu was affiliated with University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill at the time of the study. Jina Swartz was a former employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and may hold stocks of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.