Charles, Dyanna http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-8999
Anger, Holly
Dabash, Rasha
Darwish, Emad
Ramadan, Mohamed Cherine
Mansy, Amr
Salem, Yomna
Dzuba, Ilana G.
Byrne, Meagan E.
Breebaart, Miral
Winikoff, Beverly
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Article History
Received: 14 June 2018
Accepted: 7 January 2019
First Online: 18 January 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The study was approved on July 3, 2013 by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Alexandria University and September 1, 2013 by the Ethics Committee of El Galaa Teaching Hospital. Written consent was obtained from all participants upon arrival to the labor ward.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.