Shimoda, Kana
Leshabari, Sebalda
Horiuchi, Shigeko
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Core-to-core program
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (19K19653)
Article History
Received: 5 January 2020
Accepted: 15 September 2020
First Online: 6 October 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study was conducted based on the Helsinki principles of ethics such as voluntarily participation, anonymity, and protection of privacy and personal information. The questionnaire was self-administered and based on the principles of voluntarily participation. The participants were informed about the purpose, methods, and ethical considerations verbally by the researcher or/and RAs using a written participation request, and the questionnaire and a self-seal opaque envelope were given to all those who participated in this study. After completing the questionnaire, the participants placed the sealed envelope with the questionnaire at the nurse stations of their own wards. Returning the questionnaire was regarded as agreement to participate in this study. Informed consent was obtained verbally as personal information of the participants were not taken and all the data were anonymized to maintain patient anonymity.The researcher received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of St. Luke’s International University (16-A002), the Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania, and the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Research and Publication Committee. The researcher also obtained a license to use the IWS from the copyright holder.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests associated with this study. SH, an associate editor of this journal, declares that (i) no support, financial or otherwise, has been received from the journal that may pose a conflict of interest in the submitted work; and that (ii) there are no other relationships or activities that could have influenced the submitted work.