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Article History

Received: 20 April 2020

Accepted: 22 December 2020

First Online: 18 January 2021

Change Date: 11 February 2021

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Inconsistency on how the Ns are displayed throughout the paper. There are also a few spellings

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study for Parents and Children Law and Ethics Committee and local research ethics committees [Bristol and Weston Health Authority (E1808, United Kingdom National Health Service Foundation Trust), Southmead Health Authority (49/89, United Kingdom National Health Service Foundation Trust), Frenchay Health Authority (90/8, United Kingdom National Health Service Foundation Trust), Southmead Health Services (48/89, United Kingdom National Health Service Foundation Trust)] before commencement of the study. Written informed consent from parents or legal guardians on behalf of their children was obtained for clinic data. Questionnaire data consent was assumed by the completion of parental and children questionnaires. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time (which includes use of their data). The use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics followed the recommendations of the Avon Longitudinal Study for Parents and Children Ethics and Law Committee at the time.

: Not applicable.

: The authors (Rita Amiel Castro, Vivette Glover, Ulrike Ehlert and Thomas G. O’Connor) declare that they have no competing interests.