Bruckner, Tim A.
Gailey, Samantha http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-1211
Das, Abhery
Gemmill, Alison
Casey, Joan A.
Catalano, Ralph
Shaw, Gary M.
Zeitlin, Jennifer
Article History
Received: 5 September 2020
Accepted: 5 May 2021
First Online: 2 July 2021
Declarations
:
: The Authors have adhered to ethical standards in this work and obtained Institutional Review Board approvals from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) (#2018–065) and University of California, Irvine (UCI) (#2013–9716) to access and use the California linked birth and infant death cohort file (BCF) 1989 to 2015. Since we used administrative data, the research ethics review committees of the CDPH and UCI waived the need for informed consent. Data were collected and analyzed using anonymous identifiers instead of maternal names to ensure confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.