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Article History

Received: 19 August 2022

Accepted: 8 March 2023

First Online: 25 July 2024

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the independent ethics committee/institutional review board at each institution (Asan Medical Center IRB/IEC; Bashkortostan State Medical University; Bellberry Human Research Ethics Committee; CEIC de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra; Chang Gung Medical Foundation Institutional Review Board; Chungnam National University Hospital IRB; Comitato Etico Della Fondazione IRCCS Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Comitato Etico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori—IRCCS Fondazione Pascale; Comitato Etico Regione Toscana Area Vasta Sud-Est—Sezione di Arezzo Segreteria C.E.A.V.S.E. Az. USL Toscana Sud Est; Comité de Protection des Personnes Est 1; Commissie Medische Ethiek GZA; Communal non profit enterprise Regional Clinical Oncology Center; Institutional Review Board, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary; Komisja Bioetyczna Przy Okręgowej Izbie Lekarskiej W Warszawie; Kyiv City Clinical Oncology Center; Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee. Medical Sciences; Meir Hospital IRB-Committee; MI Dnipr Regional Clinical Hospital named after I.I. Mechnikov; MI Odessa Regional Oncological Centre; National Medical Research Radiological Centre; NSLHD Human Research Ethics Committee; Ontario Cancer Research Ethics Board; Pokrovskaya City Hospital IRB/IEC; Rabin Medical Center IRB-Committee; Rambam Health Care Campus; Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology IRB/IEC; Ryazan Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Samsung Medical Center IRB/IEC; Seoul National University Hospital, IRB Biomedical Research Institute; Severance Hospital Institutional Review Board; Sheba Medical Center EC; Soroka Medical Center Yitzchak Rager Avenue Helsinki Committee; Stichting BEBO—Dup1; Taipei Veterans General Hospital Institutional Review Board 2; University of Tsukuba Hospital Institutional Review Board; US Oncology, Inc. IRB). All patients provided written informed consent before initiating treatment.

: Not applicable.

: AN has received honoraria from Roche, Merck, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Foundation Medicine; served in a consulting or advisory role for Merck, Roche, Bayer, Astra Zeneca, Clovis Oncology, Janssen, Incyte, Seattle Genetics/Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rainier Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, and Ferring; received research funding to the institution from Merck, AstraZeneca, and Ipsen; received support for travel/accommodations/expenses from Merck, AstraZeneca, and Ipsen, and declares spousal employment and stock ownership with Bayer. MSVdH has received funding to the institute from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche; served in an advisory role for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Seattle Genetics, MSD/Merck & Co., Inc., Janssen and Astellas, all paid to institute. DT reports no conflicts of interest to disclose. AP has served in an advisory role for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, MSD/Merck & Co., Janssen, Pfizer, Teva, Astellas, Bayer, and Eisai. HG received honoraria from Pfizer; served in a consulting or advisory role for Pfizer, Ipsen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche; and has received support for travel/accommodations from AstraZeneca. BYA received personal fees for consulting, advisory boards, lectures and personal grants and institutional grants for trials from Astrazeneca, Astellas, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Ferring, Janssen, Ipsen, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. FXP is an advisory board member for Bayer and Janssen. RL has served in a consulting/advisory role for Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Roche, Isotopia, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Astellas, and Janssen. MDS reports consulting for Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Bayer, Bioclin, BMS, EISAI, ESSA, Ferring, Immunomedics, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Oncology, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and SeaGen. PG reports consulting to 4D Pharma, Aadi Bioscience, Asieris Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, BostonGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, CG Oncology, Dyania Health, Exelixis, Fresenius Kabi, G1 Therapeutics, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Guardant Health, ImmunityBio, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Lucence, Mirati Therapeutics, MSD, Pfizer, PureTech, Regeneron, Roche, Seattle Genetics, Silverback Therapeutics, Strata Oncology, QED Therapeutics, Merck KGaA, and UroGen Pharma; his institution has received research funding from Bavarian Nordic, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Debiopharm Group, G1 Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Mirati Therapeutics, MSD, Pfizer, QED Therapeutics, and Merck KGaA. JC and MM are salaried employees of and own stock in Incyte Corporation. RK and CJ are salaried employees of and own stock in Merck & Co., Inc. AVB reports consulting/advisory roles for Genentech, Incyte, Janssen, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer, AstraZeneca/Medimmune, Nektar, Seattle Genetics, and Immunomedics; contracted research for Genentech (institution), Merck & Co., Inc. (institution), AstraZeneca/Medimmune (institution), Nektar, Seattle Genetics (institution), and Immunomedics (institution); speaking engagements for Genentech, Merck & Co., Inc., and AstraZeneca/Medimmune; steering and/or scientific advisory committee membership for Merck & Co., Inc., and Nektar; and equity and scientific advisory board membership for EpiVax Oncology. RdW reports consulting/advisory roles for Merck, Sanofi, Astellas, Bayer, and Janssen; speaker fees from Merck and Sanofi; and research grants (institution) from Sanofi and Bayer.