Matsubara, Manami
Haruna, Megumi
Yonezawa, Kaori
Yokoyama, Moeri
Tahara-Sasagawa, Emi
Hikita, Naoko
Nakamura, Yoshie
Mizuno, Yoko
Sanada, Hiromi
Tamai, Nao
Abe, Masatoshi
Kashiwabara, Kosuke
Funding for this research was provided by:
the General Incorporated Association Japan Academy of Midwifery
Article History
Received: 8 April 2022
Accepted: 17 October 2022
First Online: 25 October 2022
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo (No. 11575 and No. 11946) and that of the hospital in which the participants were recruited. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The option of opt-out was available on the website regarding the use of the infants’ facial photographs which used to do the qualitative sketch. Informed consent was written by the medical professionals and a caregiver of tests for face and content validity, and the infants’ caregivers during the testing phase.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declared that they have no competing interests.