Fu, Cynthia H. Y.
Erus, Guray
Fan, Yong
Antoniades, Mathilde
Arnone, Danilo
Arnott, Stephen R.
Chen, Taolin
Choi, Ki Sueng
Fatt, Cherise Chin
Frey, Benicio N.
Frokjaer, Vibe G.
Ganz, Melanie
Garcia, Jose
Godlewska, Beata R.
Hassel, Stefanie
Ho, Keith
McIntosh, Andrew M.
Qin, Kun
Rotzinger, Susan
Sacchet, Matthew D.
Savitz, Jonathan
Shou, Haochang
Singh, Ashish
Stolicyn, Aleks
Strigo, Irina
Strother, Stephen C.
Tosun, Duygu
Victor, Teresa A.
Wei, Dongtao
Wise, Toby
Woodham, Rachel D.
Zahn, Roland
Anderson, Ian M.
Deakin, J. F. William
Dunlop, Boadie W.
Elliott, Rebecca
Gong, Qiyong
Gotlib, Ian H.
Harmer, Catherine J.
Kennedy, Sidney H.
Knudsen, Gitte M.
Mayberg, Helen S.
Paulus, Martin P.
Qiu, Jiang
Trivedi, Madhukar H.
Whalley, Heather C.
Yan, Chao-Gan
Young, Allan H.
Davatzikos, Christos
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (G0802594, MC/PC/17209, MC/PC/17209, MR/T017538/1, G0601526, G0701421, MC/PC/17209)
National Institutes of Health (R01 AG066650, RF1-AG054409, R37MH101495, R01 MH112070)
Ontario Brain Institute
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401398, 31571137; 31500885, 81820108018, 31571137; 31500885, 82122035)
Hersh Foundation
EMBARC National Coordinating Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center
Data Center at Columbia and Stony Brook Universities
Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care
National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (U01MH092221; U01MH092250, U01MH092221; U01MH092250)
Lundbeckfonden (R279-2018-1145 (BrainDrugs), R279-2018-1145 (BrainDrugs), R279-2018-1145 (BrainDrugs))
Wellcome Trust (220857/Z/20/Z, 104036/Z/14/Z, 104036/Z/14/Z)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH125850, K01MH096077, 5R01MH101472, P50MH077083, P50MH077083)
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (173096)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU1509383; SWU1509451; SWU1609177, SWU1509383; SWU1509451; SWU1609177)
National Outstanding young people plan
Program for the Top Young Talents by Chongqing
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2015jcyjA10106, cstc2015jcyjA10106)
Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (151023, 151023)
Anthony and Elizabeth Mellows Charitable Foundation
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Oxford Health NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
William K. Warren Foundation
National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01 DA041089)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1P20GM121312)
Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology (Z191100001119104)
NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
King's College London
Article History
Received: 29 April 2022
Accepted: 29 December 2022
First Online: 23 January 2023
Declarations
:
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All participating sites had obtained permission from their local Institutional Review Boards or Ethics Committees, and all participants had provided written informed consent. Research analyses specific to this study only used de-identified data. Data Sharing Agreements were reviewed and approved by the Grants Department and Contracts Offices for each of the following research centers: Ontario Brain Institute (OBI) on behalf of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND); University of East London (UEL); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center on behalf of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care study (EMBARC); Emory University on behalf of the Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments study (PReDICT); Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Sichuan University; King’s College London (KCL); Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR); University of Manchester; University of Oxford; University of Pennsylvania; REST-meta-MDD consortium and the International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Southwest University (SWU); Stanford University; and University of Edinburgh on behalf of STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally study (STRADL).
: Not applicable.
: SRA has consulted for Indoc Research Canada.AMM has received research support from Eli Lilly, Janssen, and The Sackler Trust. AMM has also received speaker fees from Illumina and Janssen. CHYF has received grant funding from MRC, Wellcome Trust, Brain and Behaviour NARSAD, Eli Lilly, Flow Neuroscience, Baszucki Brain Research Fund Milken Institute, Rosetrees Trust. HS has received grant funding from NIH.SCS received research support from Brain Canada, CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), Ontario Brain Institute and CFI (canadian Foundation for Innovation). SCS is a founder and share holder of ADMdx, Inc.DT has received grant funding from NIH.RZ is a private psychiatrist service provider at The London Depression Institute and co-investigator on a Livanova-funded observational study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression. RZ has received honoraria for talks at medical symposia sponsored by Lundbeck as well as Janssen. He has collaborated with EMIS PLC and advises Depsee Ltd. He is affiliated with the D’Or Institute of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro and advises the Scients Institute, USA.BWD has received research support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Compass, Pathways, NIMH, Otsuka, Usona. Honoraria for Consulting: Aya Biosciences, Myriad Neuroscience, Otsuka, Sophren Therapeutics, Cerebral Therapeutics, Sage.CJH serves as a consultant for P1vital, Lundbeck, Servier and Compass Pathways. She holds grant income from Zogenix and J&J.SHK has received funding for Consulting or Speaking engagements from Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, Lundbeck, Lundbeck Institute, Merck, Otsuka Pfizer, Sunovion and Servier. He has received Research Support from Abbott, Brain Canada, CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), Janssen, Lundbeck, Ontario Brain Institute, Otsuka, Pfizer, SPOR (Canada’s Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research). He has stock/stock options in Field Trip Health.GMK has received honoraria as a speaker for Sage Biogen and as a consultant for Sanos.HSM has received grant funding from NIH; Consulting and IP Licenses Fees from Abbott Labs.MHT received Research Support from: NIH, PCORI, AFSP; Consultant: Alkermes Inc., Alto Neuroscience Inc., Axsome Therapeutics, Boegringer Ingelheim, GH Research, GreenLight VitalSign6 Inc., Heading Health, inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical, Legion Health, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mind Medicine Inc., Navitor, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Noema Pharma AG, Orexo US Inc., Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (MDD Section Advisor), SAGE Therapeutics, Signant Health, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Editorial compensation from Oxford University Press.AHY reports declaration of interests: Paid lectures and advisory boards for the following companies: Astrazenaca, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Servier, Livanova, Janssen, Allegan, Bionomics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, COMPASS, Sage, Novartis. Consultant to Johnson & Johnson and to Livanova. Received honoraria for attending advisory boards and presenting talks at meetings organised by LivaNova. Principal Investigator in the Restore-Life VNS registry study funded by LivaNova. UK Chief Investigator for Novartis MDD study MIJ821A12201. Principal Investigator on ESKETINTRD3004: “An Open-label, Long-term, Safety and Efficacy Study of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-resistant Depression”. Principal Investigator on “The Effects of Psilocybin on Cognitive Function in Healthy Participants”. Principal Investigator on “The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants with Treatment-Resistant Depression (P-TRD)”. No shareholdings in pharmaceutical companies. Deputy Editor of BJPsych Open. Grant funding (past and present): NIMH (USA); CIHR (Canada); NARSAD (USA); Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA); MRC (UK); Wellcome Trust (UK); Royal College of Physicians (Edin); BMA (UK); UBC-VGH Foundation (Canada); WEDC (Canada); CCS Depression Research Fund (Canada); MSFHR (Canada); NIHR (UK). Janssen (UK).Authors AS, AS, BRG, BNF, CCF, C-GY, CD, DA, DTW, GE, HCW, IHG, IMA, IS, JFWD, JQ, JS, JG, KH, KSC, KQ, MPP, MA, MDS, MG, QG, RDW, RE, SH, SR, TAV, TC, TW, VGF and YF declare that they have no competing interests to declare.