Toska, Elona http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-3173
Cluver, Lucie
Orkin, Mark
Bains, Anurita
Sherr, Lorraine
Berezin, McKenzie
Gulaid, Laurie
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nuffield Foundation (CPF/41513)
Department for International Development (MW/EHPSA/UCT/05150014)
Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. (N/A)
Claude Leon Foundation (F08 559/C)
Regional Inter-Agency Task Team for Children Affected by AIDS – Eastern and Southern Africa (NA)
International AIDS Society (155-Hod)
Oak Foundation (R46194/AA001)
UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa (NA)
John Fell Fund, University of Oxford (103/757, 161/033)
Clarendon-Green Templeton College, University of Oxford (NA)
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013/313421)
Leverhulme Trust (PLP-2014-095)
Oxford's ESRC Impact Acceleration Account (IAA-MT13-003, K1311-KEA-004, 1602-KEA-189)
Article History
Received: 19 September 2018
Accepted: 22 February 2019
First Online: 6 March 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Ethical approvals were obtained from Universities of Oxford (SSD/CUREC2/12–21), Cape Town (CSSR 2013/14), provincial department of Basic Education (04/04/2014) and Health (29/08/2013), and participating facilities. Informed voluntary written consent was obtained from both adolescents and caregivers (when adolescents were < 18 years old). Adolescents could withdraw from the research at any time. Linkages to healthcare and psychosocial services were provided for adolescents reporting any severe risk of harm, including defaulting from ART, symptomatic untreated TB, mental health issues such as suicidality or severe depression, and need to access special schools due to cognitive issues of the comparison group. All adolescents received a participation certificate and small pack of snacks and toiletries, regardless of whether they consented or completed their interviews.
: Not applicable, as this manuscript only uses quantitative data from surveys which use unique identifiers and not names nor contact information.
: Study sponsors were not involved in study design, data collection, analyses nor interpretation, the writing of this manuscript, nor the decision to submission of this manuscript. Authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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