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Article History

Received: 26 October 2017

Accepted: 25 February 2019

First Online: 18 March 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval was obtained from each participating country. For Canadian data, the study methods were reviewed and approved by Statistics Canada officials at the University of Toronto Research Data Centre. In Denmark, the National Committee on Health Research Ethics does not require ethical approval to use SHARE Wave 5 as it is solely based on survey data and does not include any samples of biological materials from humans (ExternalRef removed). However, the SHARE project is submitted to continuous ethics reviews. From wave 4 and onwards SHARE has received ethical approval from the Ethics Council of the Max Planck Society. The last ethics approval was granted on 4 March 2016 (ExternalRef removed). For Swedish data, the Swedish team received ethical approval to use the SHARE data from the Regional Ethical Review Board of Stockholm (Dnr 2016/1353–31/5). Approval to use the ELSA data is provided by the UK Data Service under an End User License agreement. All respondents have given written and informed consent. Ethical approval for the original study was provided by the National Research and Ethics Committee (MREC/01/2/91). For all surveys, participants gave full informed written consent to participate in the surveys.

: Not applicable.

: The authors delcare that they have no competing interests.

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