Tanaka, Shiori
Yoneoka, Daisuke
Ishizuka, Aya
Ueda, Peter
Nakamura, Keiji
Uneyama, Hisayuki
Hayashi, Naoki
Shibuya, Kenji
Nomura, Shuhei
Article History
Received: 5 December 2020
Accepted: 30 March 2021
First Online: 21 April 2021
Declarations
:
: The Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo approved this study (authorization number 11964) and waived the need for informed consent as this study was a secondary analysis of anonymised data that is collected routinely by the MHLW. Data of GBD 2017 are also secondary, aggregated estimates by country, sex, and age groups.
: Not applicable.
: K.S. and S.N. report grants from Ajinomoto Co., Inc. and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. S.T., D.Y., A.I., P.T., K.S. and S.N. declare no competing interests. K.N., H.U., and N.H. declare that they are employed by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. and have no other competing interests. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to the journal policies on sharing data and materials. The study was approved by the appropriate ethics review board. We have read and understood your journal’s policies, and we believe that neither the manuscript nor the study violates any of these.