Wang, Yi-Wen
Chen, Yan
Zhang, Yong-Jun
Article History
Received: 5 October 2022
Accepted: 2 February 2023
First Online: 7 February 2023
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (XHEC–C–2015–006), the World Health Organization (WHO) Research Ethics Review Committee (HRP Study A65899), and participating hospitals. The participating hospitals included: The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dongchangfu District, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, The Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Xiangtan, Qihetai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital of Tongzhou District, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Maternity and Child Care Centre of Xingyang, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Jinhua People’s Hospital, Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Gaizhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangyin People’s Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Southern Medical University, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xinxiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Jiangsu Women and Children Health Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaotong, Qujing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Suining Central Hospital, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Centre, Qingdao Chengyang People’s Hospital, Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yanshi People’s Hospital, Aviation Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenzhen Luohu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Puyang Maternity and Child Care Centre, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, The Second People’s Hospital of Tongxiang, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Cangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, The Second People’s Hospital of Qingyuan, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, The People’s Hospital of Pengzhou, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Liangping Maternal and Child Health Service Centre, Central Hospital of Faku County, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chengkou County, Henan NO.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Luohe Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Dashiqiao Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Ruzhou People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Anhui Province Xuancheng Central Hospital, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Haining Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Linying County People’s Hospital, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, People’s Hospital of Daoli District of Harbin, Xiaogan Central Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Zaoyang First People’s Hospital, Meizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen Guangming New Area Central Hospital, Changzhou NO.7 People’s Hospital, Zhongshan Dayong Hospital. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki. Since this was a cross-sectional, observational study and only anonymous clinical information was collected, the consent to participate was deemed unnecessary according to the Ethics Review Board of the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
: Not applicable.
: No financial or non-financial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. All authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.