Ellakany, Passent
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
El Tantawi, Maha
Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel
Aly, Nourhan M.
Ara, Eshrat
Gaffar, Balgis
Ishabiyi, Anthonia Omotola
Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali
Khan, Abeedah Tu-Allah
Khalid, Zumama
Lawal, Folake Barakat
Popoola, Bamidele Olubukola
Lusher, Joanne
Yousaf, Muhammad Abrar
Virtanen, Jorma I.
Nguyen, Annie Lu
,
Article History
Received: 9 October 2022
Accepted: 22 May 2023
First Online: 1 June 2023
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee at the Institute of Public Health of the Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria (IPHOAU/12/1557). Supplementary approvals were obtained from India (D-1791-uz and D-1790-uz), Saudi Arabia (CODJU-2006 F), Brazil (CAAE N° 38423820.2.0000.0010), Bioethics Committee, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (158042) and the UK (13283/10570). Informed consent was obtained from participants involved in this study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: Competing interests: Jorma I. Virtanen is an Associate Editor, at BMC Public Health and BMC Oral Health. Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan and Maha El Tantawi are Senior Editor Board members with BMC Oral Health. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.