Article History
Received: 3 January 2023
Accepted: 17 August 2023
First Online: 4 September 2023
Declarations
:
: All PHIA survey protocols, consent forms, screening forms, refusal forms, referral forms, recruitment materials, and questionnaires were reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards of Columbia University Medical Center, Westat, and the US CDC. Individual PHIA surveys underwent ethics approvals in each respective country, including Tanzania (The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) in the Mainland and Zanzibar Medical Research and Ethics Committee (ZAMREC)), Malawi (National Health Sciences Research Committee in Malawi (NHSRC)), and Zambia (Tropical Diseases Research Centre in Zambia (TDRC)).All participant consent forms were approved as part of the ethics approval process. Written informed consent for the PHIA project was documented in each country by electronic signature on the data collection tablet at three stages: the head-of-household interview, individual interview, and blood draw for biomarker testing. Refusal at any stage ended survey procedures for that household member. Participant eligibility included being literate or providing a literate witness in one of the survey languages and being willing and able to provide consent.All research conducted under the PHIA project was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and ethics regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by all appropriate ethics committees.
: All participants in the PHIA project underwent an informed consent, including consenting for the use of their deidentified data for publishing purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.