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Article History

Received: 20 March 2021

Accepted: 4 July 2021

First Online: 17 July 2021

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations. The Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board has reviewed the use of data from the OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, a large US database with de-identified administrative claims data for individuals enrolled in private and Medicare Advantage health plans. In accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the U.S. National Institutes of Health, this research represents the use of completely-deidentified claims data. Therefore, this research is exempt from being considered human subjects research by both the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board and the NIH. Since the subjects are completely de-identified, it is impossible to re-contact these individuals and hence, the need for additional informed consent is also waived by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.

: Not applicable.Availability of data and materials: The data that support the findings of this study are available from OptumLabs Data Warehouse but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of OptumLabs Data Warehouse.

: The authors declare they have no competing interests.