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Article History

Received: 13 April 2017

Accepted: 27 March 2018

First Online: 20 April 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: REB Approval for the FLOW pilot and definitive trial was obtained at the coordinating centre (McMaster University) (REB: 05–299 and 08–268) and at each clinical site. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the ethics boards.

: Not applicable.

: SS reports grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, employment/salary from McMaster University, and employment/salary from Global Research Solutions outside the submitted work. PTIII reports other from Smith & Nephew and other from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins outside the submitted work. PM reports personal fees from Global Research Solutions outside the submitted work. BP reports grants from Stryker, outside the submitted work. KJJ reports personal fees from Zimmer, personal fees from Lilly USA, LLC, and personal fees from Pacira outside the submitted work. MB reports grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, other from Stryker, other from Zimmer, other from Triad Medical, grants from Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program and the Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program, and grants from Association Internationale pour l’Osteosynthese Dynamique during the conduct of the study. He reports grants and personal fees from Stryker, personal fees from Smith & Nephew, grants and personal fees from Amgen, grants from DePuy, grants and personal fees from Eli Lilly, grants and personal fees from DJO Global Inc., personal fees from Zimmer, and personal fees from Ferring outside the submitted work. GPS, NNO, and DS have nothing to disclose.

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