Article History
Received: 12 September 2018
Accepted: 17 March 2019
First Online: 30 March 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study protocol was exempted for review by the institutional review board of the Hanyang University Hospital (HYUH 2017–08-023) in accordance with the exemption criteria. Informed consent was exempted because this study used only data opened to the public. The plain radiographs demonstrating types of surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures were included in Fig. InternalRef removed after receiving written informed consent from the patients.
: Consent was obtained from patients whose images are presented in Fig. InternalRef removed.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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