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Article History

Received: 6 November 2022

Accepted: 19 April 2023

First Online: 27 April 2023

Declarations

:

: This research has been conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from University of Liverpool Health and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee (ref. 8224). Patients partaking in the Spine Tango registry provided written informed consent for their pseudonymised data being used for research purposes by other researchers, collected when they agreed to be included in the registry. Also considering the retrospective nature of the current study, no further informed consent was required for the use of this data. Due to confidentiality, the data are not publicly available.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.