Article History
Received: 15 February 2018
Accepted: 2 August 2018
First Online: 16 August 2018
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All the patients involved in this study gave full informed consent to the operation and to be recruited in our ER programme. The implementation of the ER programme in colorectal surgery has been approved by the Medical Director of the Noble’s Hospital. The Local Research Ethical Committee of the Noble’s Hospital confirmed that formal approval was not necessary due to the retrospective nature of the study. Formal written consent to participate in the study was not obtained from participants because the study reports the results of a retrospective analysis of anonymised clinical data.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare they have no competing interests.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.