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Article History

Received: 3 February 2020

Accepted: 24 September 2020

First Online: 7 October 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All patients underwent surgeries after written informed consent, which included discussions about the procedure, and corresponding risks, benefits and alternatives, were obtained from their legal guardians and the patients, if of appropriate age, gave verbal affirmations. While reporting of this case series met criteria for waiver of prior formal ethics approval by the University of Southern California Institutional Review Board, all legal guardians of individual patients herein provided consent for inclusion in the report.

: All legal guardians provided a written informed consent for publication of the case report and any accompanying images as per University of Southern California Institutional Review Board guidelines.

: APM is an Associate Editor of this journal. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.