Al-Abdallah, Mariam http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-3072
AlHadidi, Abeer
Hammad, Mohammad
Dar-Odeh, Najla
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Jordan
Article History
Received: 7 November 2017
Accepted: 22 October 2018
First Online: 1 November 2018
Authors’ information
: MAAssociate Professor in Orthodontics/ The University of Jordan.Assistant Dean of Accreditation and Development/ The University of Jordan.Senior Orthodontic consultant/ Jordan University Hospital.BDS, MSc (England), M-Orth (Edin), PhD (England).
: No ethical approval or consent was necessary to handle the data used in our study according to the National Research Ethics Service/UK, which states, “Research limited to secondary use of information previously collected in the course of normal care (without an intention to use it for research at the time of collection) is generally excluded from research ethic committee review, provided that the patients or service users are not identifiable to the research team in carrying out the research”. The same concept was included in the textbook, “Introduction to Research Methodology for Specialists and Trainees,” edited by P. M. Shaughn O’Brien and Fiona Broughton Pipkin (third edition, 2017, Cambridge University Press), chapter 24 page 191.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.