Yu, Han-Hua
Hsiung, Nai-Huan
Chiang, Jen-Huai
Shen, Hsuan-Shu
Article History
Received: 16 January 2019
Accepted: 16 March 2020
First Online: 30 March 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: According to the principle of data protection of NHIRD, any data in the NHIRD that could be used to identify patients or care providers, including medical institutions and physicians, are scrambled before being sent to the National Health Research Institutes for database construction and then further scrambled before being released to each researcher. Theoretically, it is impossible to query the data in isolation alone to identify individuals at any level by using this database. The requirement regarding informed consent in the present study was waived. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University (CMUH104-REC2–115).
: Not applicable
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.