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Article History

Received: 28 April 2022

Accepted: 2 February 2023

First Online: 14 February 2023

Declarations

:

: Applicable. Experimental research and field studies on plants were in compliance with relevant national, and international guidelines and legislation. The permission was obtained from Taman Husada Graha Famili (Medicinal Plant Garden of Graha Famili) Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, managed by Universitas Airlangga and PT. Intiland Development Tbk., Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, with the Memorandum of Understanding number 3001/UN3.1.8/2014 and the Memorandum of Activity number 142/GFV-PM HSG/SRT/HH/VIII/2021. The study was reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (ExternalRef removed). This study was also carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Universitas Airlangga (Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia) (approval no. 499/HRECC.FODM/XI/2020). All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.